![]() Beginning in the early 20th century, many justices who left the Court voluntarily did so by retiring from the Court without leaving the federal judiciary altogether. While the justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life, many have retired or resigned. However, before a third vacancy occurred, the Judiciary Act of 1869 intervened, restoring the Court's size to nine members, where it has remained ever since. An 1866 act was to have reduced the Court's size from ten members to seven upon its next three vacancies, and two vacancies did occur during this period. Later legislation increased its size to seven members in 1807, to nine in 1837, and to ten in 1863. However, an 1802 act negated the effects of the 1801 act upon the Court before any such vacancy occurred, maintaining the Court's size at six members. An 1801 act would have decreased the Court's size to five members upon its next vacancy. Since 1789, Congress has occasionally altered the size of the Supreme Court, historically in response to the country's own expansion in size. ![]() Through the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). The Supreme Court was created by Article III of the United States Constitution, which stipulates that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court," and was organized by the 1st United States Congress. Main article: Supreme Court of the United States Justices who served in Congress Burial places of justices Specialty lists All nominations Unsuccessful nominations List of members of the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States
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